The article believes that Rio 2 is problematic in terms of representations as to start with the lead characters are voiced by white Americans. Rio 2 uses non-white voice actors. The singing, dancing, comic-relief sidekicks are primarily voice by African-American actors.
PEPs are when racial stereotyping is used in animation. Problem contexts, Entertainment contexts and Performance contexts. Dr Charles Da Costa, who is a British lecturer, has written on racial stereotyping in animation says "Within PEPs, black people and other genotypes have to be associated with vexing circumstances," and "Strive to pacify, make others happy and be exceptional or extraordinary – far from 'normal'. Villainy, exoticism, jocularity and athleticism are common indicators of this malaise. Images of ethnicity do not need to be conveyed within the narrow scope of PEPs."
He believes that the slow, expensive, labour-intensive process of producing could also be a factor as decisions on character and performance must be made very quickly in order for design and production processes to commence and advance. So with the representations of ethnicity and epidermal type, family animation often finds itself in a bind. It would consciously and subconsciously weighs financial against moral obligations, then unconsciously goes for the 'safe' representational defaults stereotypes.
http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/apr/06/repressed-brits-evil-mexicans-arab-villains-hollywood-animated-movies-stereotypes
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